Reemergencia de la encefalitis equina del oeste (WEEV) en la Argentina: una revisión de aspectos epidemiológicos, virológicos y clínicos de relevancia / Reemergence of western equine encephalitis in Argentina

La encefalitis equina del oeste (WEEV, por su sigla en inglés, Western Equine Encephalitis) es una enfermedad reemergente en Argentina a partir del año 2023. La co-municación inicial fue en 1933, las últimas epizootias ocurrieron en 1983 y el último caso humano se registró en 1996. Se revisan las características del agente causal, la ecología con especial referencia a los vectores iden-tificados en el país, su competencia en la transmisión y el ciclo así como los factores de riesgo para adquirir la enfermedad. La situación epidemiológica en equinos y humanos desde noviembre 2023 hasta marzo 2024 es analizada. Se describen las formas clínicas de presen-tación de la enfermedad humana, las posibilidades evo-lutivas, los datos disponibles en los casos confirmados y el tratamiento. La metodología y algoritmo empleados para el diagnóstico etiológico en el Centro Nacional de Referencia son detallados. Las estrategias para la pre-vención y el control se basan en la vacunación de los equinos, el saneamiento ambiental y el control del foco ante la presentación de la enfermedad animal (vigilancia epidemiológica activa)

Western equine encephalitis (WEE) is a re-emerging dis-ease in Argentina starting in 2023. Since the initial notifi-cation in 1933, the last epizootics occurred in 1983, and the last human case was recorded in 1996.The charac-teristics of the causative agent, the ecology with special reference to vectors identified in the country, their compe-tence in transmission, and the cycle as well as the risks factors for acquiring the disease, are reviewed.The epidemiological situation in horses and humans from November 2023 to March 2024 is analyzed. The clinical presentation of the human disease, its evolutionary po-tential, available data in confirmed cases, and the treat-ment are described.The methodology and algorithm used for the etiological diagnosis at the National Reference Center are detailed. Strategies for prevention and control are based on vaccination of horses, environmental sani-tation and outbreak control in the presence of the animal disease (active epidemiological surveillance)

Soroprevalência da encefalomielite eqüina do leste e do oeste no Município de Uruará, PA, Brasil / Seroprevalence of holders farms for eastern equine encephalitis and western equine encephalomyelitis in Uruará Municipality, Pará State, Northen Brazil

O objetivo do presente foi estimar a soroprevalência de anticorpos contra o vírus da EEE e da WEE utilizando como unidades de análise os eqüídeos e as propriedades rurais do tipo familiar do município de Uruará, PA. Os anticorpos contra o vírus das EEE e da WEE foram pesquisados pela microtécnica de soroneutralização. As seguintes prevalências de animais sororeatores para os diferentes vírus foram observadas: EEE 27,37% (IC 15,33 - 39,21%), WEE 1,05% (IC 0,06 - 6,78%). Para as propriedades obtivemos as seguintes prevalências: EEE 53,12% (IC 35,03 - 70,49%), WEE 3,12% (IC 0,16-18,00%).

The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of herds with EEEV and WEEV infected animals, in Uruará municipal district, Pará State-Brazil. In view of that, the serum neutralization test was utilized. The following prevalence of positive herds were observed: 17 positive herds for EEEV out of 32 herds, therefore, prevalence is 53.12% (IC 35.03 - 70.49%). One positive herd was found for WEEV out of the 32 studied herds, thus performing 3.12% (IC 0.16 - 18.00%) prevalence. The prevalence of serum reactors animals were observed: 27,37% (IC 15,33 - 39,21 %), WEE 1,05% (IC 0,06 - 6,78%).